Menage horses serve as the stage for equestrian ballets that demand grace, precision and harmony between horse and rider. Young horses, like inexperienced artists, require guidance and discipline. Older horses, meanwhile, work to perfect their own dance moves and build trust with their partners. This process requires a safe and well-maintained environment that offers them space to practice and hone their skills.

Menages can range in size from small pens with room to move to large turnouts of several acres. These spaces are often referred to as pastures in the United States, while they are called paddocks in Australia. They may also be enclosed in a fenced arena for training purposes. The arenas can be designed to meet varying equestrian needs. For dressage, a standard arena may have a dimension of 20 by 60 metres (66 by 197 ft), while commercial arenas can be significantly larger in dimensions and length.

Optimizing Performance: Understanding the Role of Menage for Horses

A menage can be a part of an individual’s private stable, or it may be operated as a business for keeping other people’s horses and providing riding lessons. The arena’s surface can be made from a variety of materials, depending on the type of riding performed in it. For example, a jumping arena is more likely to use surfaces that are heavier and have a bit of natural spring such as sand, whereas dressage riders tend to choose a lighter, less springy material that beds down over time to provide optimal traction and cushioning.

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Investing best investment apps for beginners — from beginners to experts. The best investment apps feature low trading fees, educational resources and customer service that is available on your schedule. They also offer a range of investment assets, including individual stocks, ETFs, mutual funds and even cryptocurrencies.

For newbies, consider an app that automates the process of investing, such as Betterment or Stash. Betterment is one of the first robo-advisors and offers low fees that don’t eat into your profits. Its hands-off approach focuses on saving for retirement or other goals, and uses algorithms to automatically rebalance portfolios to align with your financial goal.

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Other top apps for beginners include TD Ameritrade, which provides access to over-the-counter securities, futures and foreign exchange through a free brokerage account. It also offers a robust research library and streaming market news, and an integrated trading app that can handle complex order types. Its trading app is a good fit for active traders and boasts powerful charting tools and advanced order options, and it’s available on both iOS and Android.

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A concrete bund is an enclosure that surrounds tanks to provide secondary containment in the event of a tank leak or spill. They are a common requirement on sites with large amounts of hazardous liquid storage, such as COMAH sites or oil storage facilities. Bunds are also sometimes required for other equipment such as pumps, heat exchangers and filters. In many cases the bund walls are constructed of concrete and a floor is laid, but in some instances other materials such as geotubes can be used.

The most important aspect of any bund is the design, sizing and construction. In general a bund should be sized to hold 110% of the largest tank volume or 25% of total site capacity, whichever is greater.

Exploring Concrete Bunds: Features and Applications

Wall heights of bunds can vary, but typically they are built to a maximum of 1.5 meters. Taller walls increase the capacity of a bund and help to protect against the ‘spigot flow’ effect (where a tank fails and liquid passes over the wall into the bund) or the ‘tidal wave’ effect that can occur during a catastrophic tank failure. However, high walls can restrict access and ventilation of a bund and are not always suitable where flammable chemicals are stored.

All bunds should be regularly inspected, with a system in place for the detection of minor problems such as cracking or leakage. In addition, it is usual to install a system for the draining of rainwater to prevent flooding or water immersion of tanks and other equipment. This is normally achieved by incorporating a drain at the lowest point of a sloping floor with a manual valve, normally kept closed. Operating schedules should include daily opening of the valve to remove accumulated rainwater, which will also aid in the identification of minor leaks.